[Thrombolysis treatment and multi- disciplinary management of central retinal artery occlusion in comparison with traditional ophthalmological treatment options]

Ideggyogy Sz. 2024 Mar 30;77(3-4):89-96. doi: 10.18071/isz.77.0089.
[Article in Hungarian]

Abstract

Background and purpose: <p>The management of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) has long been conservative therapy with limited efficacy carried out in ophthalmology departments together with etiolo&shy;gi&shy;cal investigations lacking a standardised protocol. However, CRAO is analogous to ischemic central nervous system stroke and is associated with increased stroke risk, thus, systemic thrombolysis treatment and multidisciplinary management can be beneficial. Since May 2022, at Semmelweis University CRAO patients diagnosed within 4.5 hours are given intravenous thrombolysis therapy and undergo etiologic workup based on current stroke protocols. Here we report our experience with the multidisciplinary, protocol-based management of CRAO in comparison with former non-protocol based ophthalmological conservative treatment.</p>.

Methods: <p>We reviewed CRAO patients&rsquo; data treated conservatively and with paracentesis within 6 hours at the Department of Ophthalmology between 2013 and 2022 including changes in visual acuity, neurolo&shy;gical and cardiovascular findings compared to those in the thrombolysis project.&nbsp;</p>.

Results: <p>Of the 78 patients receiving non-protocol care, visual improvement was seen in 37% with natural course, 47% with conservative treatment and 47% with paracentesis. Four patients had significant carotid stenosis (2 underwent endarterectomy), 1 carotid dissection, 6 cardioembolism and 1 giant cell arteritis. Of the 4 patients within 4,5 hours, 3 gave their consent to the clinical trial and were treated with thrombolysis and underwent a full etiological assessment.&nbsp;<br>2 pa&shy;tients had improved visual acuity, 2 pa&shy;tients had significant carotid stenosis and underwent endarterectomy, 1 patient was started on anticoagulation for newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation.</p>.

Conclusion: <p>CRAO patients presenting within 4,5 hours are rare and more patients are needed in our study to establish the efficacy of thrombolysis. However uniform protocollized evaluation helps identifying embolic sources thus, avoiding further and potentially more serious thromboembolic events.</p>.

Background and purpose: <p>Az arteria centralis retinae okkl&uacute;zi&oacute; (ACRO) eddigi konzervatív ter&aacute;pi&aacute;i limit&aacute;lt hat&eacute;konys&aacute;g&uacute;ak, szem&eacute;szeti oszt&aacute;lyokon t&ouml;rt&eacute;ntek, ahogyan az egys&eacute;ges protokoll n&eacute;lk&uuml;li etiol&oacute;giai vizsg&aacute;latok is. Pedig az ACRO a k&ouml;zponti idegrendszeri ischaemi&aacute;s stroke anal&oacute;gi&aacute;j&aacute;nak tekinthető, így a sziszt&eacute;m&aacute;s thrombolysis &eacute;s a multidiszciplin&aacute;ris ell&aacute;t&aacute;s hasonl&oacute;an hat&eacute;kony lehet. Emiatt 2022 m&aacute;jusa &oacute;ta a Semmelweis Egyetemen klinikai vizsg&aacute;lat keret&eacute;ben a 4,5 &oacute;r&aacute;n bel&uuml;l diagnosztiz&aacute;lt ACRO thrombolysiskezel&eacute;s&eacute;t &eacute;s etiol&oacute;giai vizsg&aacute;latait v&eacute;gezz&uuml;k egys&eacute;ges protokoll alapj&aacute;n. Vizsg&aacute;latunk c&eacute;lja a szem&eacute;szeti, nem protokoll szerinti, &eacute;s a multidiszciplin&aacute;ris, protokoll szerinti ACRO-ell&aacute;t&aacute;s &ouml;sszehasonlít&aacute;sa.</p>.

Methods: <p>&Aacute;ttekintett&uuml;k a 2013 &eacute;s 2022 k&ouml;z&ouml;tt a Szem&eacute;szeti Klinik&aacute;n ACRO-val konzervatívan &eacute;s 6 &oacute;r&aacute;n bel&uuml;l paracentesissel is kezelt betegek l&aacute;t&aacute;s&eacute;less&eacute;g-v&aacute;ltoz&aacute;s&aacute;t, fel&shy;lelhető neurol&oacute;giai &eacute;s cardiovascularis vizs&shy;g&aacute;latainak eredm&eacute;nyeit, valamint a throm&shy;bo&shy;lysisprojekt keret&eacute;ben ell&aacute;tott betegeket.</p>.

Results: <p>A 78 nem protokoll szerinti ell&aacute;t&aacute;sban r&eacute;szes&uuml;lő betegn&eacute;l l&aacute;t&aacute;sjavul&aacute;st term&eacute;szetes lefoly&aacute;s eset&eacute;n 37%, konzervatív kezel&eacute;s mellett 47%, paracentesissel 47%-n&aacute;l l&aacute;ttunk. Szignifik&aacute;ns carotisstenosis n&eacute;gy, ca&shy;rotisdissectio egy, cardialis emboliaforr&aacute;s hat, &oacute;ri&aacute;ssejtes arteritis egy esetben igazol&oacute;dott; endarterectomi&aacute;n k&eacute;t beteg esett &aacute;t. A protokoll szerinti klinikai vizsg&aacute;latba n&eacute;gy, időablakon bel&uuml;li betegből h&aacute;rom egye&shy;zett bele, n&aacute;luk thrombolysis t&ouml;rt&eacute;nt. K&eacute;t betegnek javult a visusa, k&eacute;t betegn&eacute;l szignifik&aacute;ns carotisstenosis igazol&oacute;dott, &eacute;s endarterectomi&aacute;n estek &aacute;t, egy betegn&eacute;l no&shy;vum pitvarfibrill&aacute;ci&oacute; miatt antikoagul&aacute;l&aacute;st kezdt&uuml;nk.</p>.

Conclusion: <p>A ter&aacute;pi&aacute;s időablakon be&shy;l&uuml;l jelentkező ACRO-betegek ritk&aacute;k, a throm&shy;bolysis hat&aacute;soss&aacute;g&aacute;nak megít&eacute;l&eacute;s&eacute;hez na&shy;gyobb betegsz&aacute;m sz&uuml;ks&eacute;ges. Az egys&eacute;ges vizsg&aacute;lati protokoll azonban egy&eacute;rtelműen elősegíti az etiol&oacute;giai diagn&oacute;zist, így a to&shy;v&aacute;bbi, ak&aacute;r s&uacute;lyosabb form&aacute;ban jelentkező thromboemboli&aacute;s sz&ouml;vődm&eacute;nyek megelőz&eacute;s&eacute;t.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>.

Keywords: anterior chamber puncture; central retinal artery occlusion; stroke; thrombolysis.

Publication types

  • Review
  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Carotid Stenosis* / complications
  • Carotid Stenosis* / therapy
  • Conservative Treatment
  • Humans
  • Ischemic Stroke*
  • Retinal Artery Occlusion* / diagnosis
  • Retinal Artery Occlusion* / drug therapy
  • Stroke* / drug therapy
  • Thrombolytic Therapy / methods