Utilization of EEG microstates as a prospective biomarker for assessing the impact of ketogenic diet in GLUT1-DS

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze microstate patterns in GLUT1-DS, both before and after the ketogenic diet (KD).

Methods: We conducted microstate analysis of a patient with GLUT-1 DS and 27 healthy controls. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was done. We compared the parameters of the patients with those of healthy controls and the incorporating findings in literature.

Results: The durations of the patient were notably shorter, and the occurrence rates were longer than those of healthy controls and incorporating findings from the review. After 10 months of KD, the patient's microstate durations exhibited an increase from 53.05 ms, 57.17 ms, 61.80 ms, and 49.49 ms to 60.53 ms, 63.27 ms, 71.11 ms, and 66.55 ms. The occurrence rates changed from 4.0774 Hz, 4.9462 Hz, 4.8006 Hz, and 4.0579 Hz to 3.3354 Hz, 3.7893 Hz, 3.5956 Hz, and 4.1672 Hz. In healthy controls, the durations of microstate class A, B, C, and D were 61.86 ms, 63.58 ms, 70.57 ms, and 72.00 ms, respectively.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest EEG microstates may be a promising biomarker for monitoring the effect of KD. Administration of KD may normalize the dysfunctional patterns of temporal parameters.

Keywords: Electroencephalography; Glucose transporter-1 deficiency syndrome; Ketogenic diet; Microstate; Systematic review.