Purpose: Bioactive magnesium ions were successfully incorporated into the nanoporous titanium base coating by micro-arc oxidation(MAO), and its physical properties and osteogenic effects were explored.
Methods: Non-magnesium-containing and magnesium-containing titanium porous titanium coatings(MAO, MAO-mg) were prepared by changing the composition of MAO electrolyte and controlling the doping of magnesium in porous titanium coatings. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), roughness, contact angle and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Mg2+ release ability of magnesium-doped nanoporous titanium coatings was determined by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES). The structure of the cytoskeleton was determined by live/dead double staining, CCK-8 detection of material proliferation-toxicity, and staining of β-actin using FITC-phalloidin. The effects of the coating on osteogenic differentiation in vitro were determined by alizarin red (ARS), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The MAO electrolyte with magnesium ions did not change the surface characteristics of the porous titanium coating. Each group prepared by MAO had similar microporous structure(P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in surface roughness and contact angle between MAO treatment group (MAO, MAO-mg)(P＞0.05), but significantly higher than that of Ti group (P＜0.05). With the passage of cell culture time, MAO-mg group promoted cell proliferation (P＜0.05). MAO-mg group was significantly higher than other groups in ALP and ARS staining. The expression of Runx2 mRNA (P＜0.05), ALP(P＜0.05) and osteocalcin OCN(P＜0.05) in MAO-mg group was significantly higher than that in Ti and MAO groups.
Conclusions: MAO successfully prepared magnesium-containing nanoporous titanium coating, and showed a significant role in promoting osteogenic differentiation.