Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: There has been an increased interest in understanding social anxiety (SA) and SA disorder (SAD) antecedents and consequences as they occur in real time, resulting in a proliferation of studies using ambulatory assessment (AA). Despite the exponential growth of research in this area, these studies have not been synthesized yet.

Objective: This review aimed to identify and describe the latest advances in the understanding of SA and SAD through the use of AA.

Methods: Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Results: A total of 70 articles met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative synthesis of these studies showed that AA permitted the exploration of the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dynamics associated with the experience of SA and SAD. In line with the available models of SA and SAD, emotion regulation, perseverative cognition, cognitive factors, substance use, and interactional patterns were the principal topics of the included studies. In addition, the incorporation of AA to study psychological interventions, multimodal assessment using sensors and biosensors, and transcultural differences were some of the identified emerging topics.

Conclusions: AA constitutes a very powerful methodology to grasp SA from a complementary perspective to laboratory experiments and usual self-report measures, shedding light on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral antecedents and consequences of SA and the development and maintenance of SAD as a mental disorder.

Keywords: ambulatory assessment; anxiety; assessment; behavioral; cognitive; development; ecological momentary assessment; emotional; intensive longitudinal methods; mHealth; mental disorder; mental health; mobile health; mobile phone; monitoring; qualitative synthesis; review; social anxiety; social anxiety disorder; systematic review; use.