Fructose improves titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced alterations in developmental competence of mouse oocytes

Abstract

Aims: We investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injections of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs, 100 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days on the developmental competence of murine oocytes. Furthermore, study the effects of TiO₂ NPs on antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as their effects on expression of apoptotic and hypoxia inducing factor-1α (HIF1A) protein translation. Moreover, the possible ameliorating effects of intraperitoneal injections of fructose (2.75 mM/ml) was examined.

Materials and methods: Thirty sexually mature (8-12 weeks old; ~ 25 g body weight) female mice were used for the current study. The female mice were assigned randomly to three treatment groups: Group1 (G1) mice were injected intraperitoneal (ip) with deionized water for 5 consecutive days; Group 2 (G2) mice were injected ip with TiO₂ NPs (100 mg/kg BW) for 5 consecutive days; Group 3 (G3) mice were injected ip with TiO₂ NPs (100 mg/kg BW + fructose (2.75 mM) for 5 consecutive days.

Results: Nano-titanium significantly decreased expression of GSH, GPx, and NO, expression of MDA and TAC increased. The rates of MI, MII, GVBD and degenerated oocytes were significantly less for nano-titanium treated mice, but the rate of activated oocytes was significantly greater than those in control oocytes. TiO₂ NPs significantly increased expression of apoptotic genes (BAX, Caspase 3 and P53) and HIF1A. Intraperitoneal injection of fructose (2.75 mM/kg) significantly alleviated the detrimental effects of TiO₂ NPs. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that fructose mitigated adverse effects of TiO2 NPs to alter the cell surface of murine oocytes.

Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the i/p infusion of fructose for consecutive 5 days enhances development of murine oocytes and decreases toxic effects of TiO₂ NPs through positive effects on oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers in cumulus-oocyte complexes and effects to inhibit TiO2-induced increases in expression of apoptotic and hypoxia inducing factors.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Apoptosis; Fructose; Murine oocytes; Oxidative stress; TiO2 NPs.