The impact of contextual bias has been demonstrated repeatedly across forensic domains; however, research on this topic in forensic toxicology is very limited. In our previous study, experimental data from only one context version were compared with the actual forensic biasing casework. As a follow-up, this controlled experiment with 159 forensic toxicology practitioners was conducted, to test whether knowledge of different contextual information influenced their forensic decision-making. Participants in different context groups were tasked to identify testing strategies for carbon monoxide and opiate drugs. The results of chi-squared tests for their selections and two context groups exhibited statistically significant differences (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). These findings show contextual information can bias forensic toxicology decisions about testing strategies, despite it is a relatively objective domain in forensic science.
Keywords: cognitive bias; cognitive forensics; contextual bias; decision‐making; empirical study; forensic toxicology.
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