Isolation of undescribed cladosporols and spirobisnaphthalenes from a plant pathogen Cladosporium cladosporioides F-10-2-A

Abstract

Two undescribed cladosporol derivatives, cladosporols J-K (1-2), and three previously unreported spirobisnaphthalenes, urnucratins D-F (3-5), as well as eleven known cladosporols (6-16), were characterized from Cladosporium cladosporioides (Cladosporiaceae), a common plant pathogen isolated from the skin of Chinese toad. Cladosporols J-K (1-2) with a single double bond have been rarely reported, while urnucratins D-F (3-5) featured an unusual benzoquinone bisnaphthospiroether skeleton, contributing to an expanding category of undiscovered natural products. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined using extensive spectroscopic methods, including NMR, HRESIMS analyses, X-ray single crystal diffraction, as well as through experimental ECD analyses. Biological assays revealed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activity against A549 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 30.11 ± 3.29 and 34.32 ± 2.66 μM, respectively.

Keywords: Cladosporiaceae; Cladosporium cladosporioides; Cladosporols; Cytotoxicity; Plant pathogen; Spirobisnaphthalenes.