Zamzam Water Mitigates Cardiac Toxicity Risk through Modulation of GUT Microbiota and the Renin-angiotensin System

Ryan Adnan Sheikh; Mohammad Shahid Nadeem; Turky Omar Asar; Mohammed A Almujtaba; Salma Naqvi; Fahad A Alabassi; Naif A R Almalki; Vikas Kumar; Firoz Anwar

doi:10.2174/0113816128302001240321044409

Zamzam Water Mitigates Cardiac Toxicity Risk through Modulation of GUT Microbiota and the Renin-angiotensin System

Curr Pharm Des. 2024 Mar 28. doi: 10.2174/0113816128302001240321044409. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Ryan Adnan Sheikh¹, Mohammad Shahid Nadeem¹, Turky Omar Asar², Mohammed A Almujtaba¹, Salma Naqvi³, Fahad A Alabassi¹, Naif A R Almalki¹, Vikas Kumar^{4

4}, Firoz Anwar¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
⁴ Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India.

PMID: 38561612
DOI: 10.2174/0113816128302001240321044409

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to exert a substantial global influence in specific areas due to population growth, aging, microbiota, and genetic/environmental factors. Drinking water has a strong impact on the health of an individual. Further, emerging evidence has highlighted the therapeutic potential and benefits of Zamzam water (Zam).

Objective: We investigated the influence of Zam on doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity, elucidating its consequential effects on GUT microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic and renal functions.

Methods: Male rats were categorized into four groups: Group 1 as Normal control (NC), Group 2 as Zamzam control (ZC), Group 3 Disease control (DC) and Group 4 as Therapeutic control (DZ) treated with Zam against doxorubicin-induced disease at a dose of 1mg/kg boy weight) intraperitoneally (i.p).

Results: Significant dysbiosis in the composition of GM was observed in the DC group along with a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum levels of Zinc, interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6 and Angiotensin II (Ang II), while C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and CKMB increased significantly (restoration of Zinc ions (0.72 ± 0.07 mcg/mL) compared to NC. Treatment with Zamzam exhibited a marked abundance of 18-times to 72% in Romboutsia, a genus of firmicutes, along with lowering of Proteobacteria in DZ followed by significant restoration of Zinc ions (0.72 ± 0.07 mcg/mL), significant (p ˂ 0.05) reduction in CRP (7.22 ± 0.39 mg/dL), CKMB (118.8 ± 1.02 U/L) and Fibrinogen (3.18 ± 0.16 mg/dL), significant (p < 0.05) increase in IL-10 (7.22 ± 0.84 pg/mL) and IL-6 (7.18 ± 0.40 pg/ml), restoration of Ang II (18.62 ± 0.50 nmol/mL/min), marked increase in renin with normal myocyte architecture and tissue orientation of kidney, and restoration of histological architecture of hepatocyte.

Conclusion: Zam treatment mitigated cardiac toxicity risk through the modulation of GUT microbiota and the renin-angiotensin system and tissue histology effectively.

Keywords: CRP; Doxorubicin; GUT microbiota; angiotensin; dysbiosis; renin.; zamzam; zinc.