Shear strength and particle breakage of construction and demolition waste as a function of moisture state and compaction level: Insights for sustainable highway engineering

PLoS One. 2024 Mar 29;19(3):e0298765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298765. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

In this study, the variation of shear strength behavior and particle breakage (after shearing), as a function of moisture state and compaction level, is investigated for recycled concrete aggregate blended with recycled clay masonry. Recycled masonry was blended with concrete aggregate in percentages ranging from 0% to 30% by total weight. Tests include; basic engineering characteristics (particle size, modified compaction, hydraulic conductivity, and California Bearing Ratio, CBR) as well as unconsolidated undrained static triaxial testing. In triaxial tests, moisture levels ranged from 60% to 100% of optimum moisture content, but compaction levels ranged from 90% to 98% of maximum dry density. The hydraulic conductivity for blends is approximately 2x10-6 cm/s, which indicates a relatively low hydraulic conductivity. Results show a proportional linear relationship between the shear strength of blends and the level of compaction. Despite this, both apparent cohesion and shear strength exhibited reverse linear trends. As expected, more compaction effort resulted in more particle breakage. Strict control should be performed over the compaction process to achieve the required compaction level which resulting in pavement materials being stiffer.

MeSH terms

  • Clay
  • Particle Size
  • Recycling*
  • Shear Strength

Substances

  • Clay

Grants and funding

The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work under the Research Groups Funding program grant code (NU/RG/SERC/12/32). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.