Ceftazidime/avibactam serum concentration in patients on ECMO

J Antimicrob Chemother. 2024 May 2;79(5):1182-1186. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkae091.

Abstract

Objectives: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may alter blood levels of several drugs, including antibiotics, leading to under dosing of these drugs and thus to potential treatment failure. No data exist on pharmacokinetics of new antimicrobial, in particular ceftazidime/avibactam. We therefore perform this study to evaluate ceftazidime/avibactam blood levels in ECMO patients and find factors associated with underdosing.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients on ECMO having received ceftazidime/avibactam and in whom trough blood levels of ceftazidime and avibactam were available. Main outcome measurement was the number of patients with ceftazidime and avibactam blood levels above predefined cut-off values, derived from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, namely 8 mg/L for ceftazidime and 4 mg/L for avibactam, and explored factors associated with underdosing.

Results: Twenty-three ceftazidime/avibactam trough levels were available in 14 ECMO patients, all of them having received veno-venous ECMO for SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia. Although ceftazidime levels were above 8 mg/L in all except one patient, nine (39%) of the avibactam dosages were below 4 mg/L. Increased renal clearance (creatinine clearance > 130 mL/min) was the main factor associated with under dosing, since 7 out of the 10 dosages below the predefined cut-offs were measured in patients with this condition.

Conclusions: In ECMO patients receiving ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime and avibactam serum levels are above EUCAST breakpoints in most cases, justifying the use of normal dosing in ECMO patients. Increased renal clearance may lead to ceftazidime and avibactam under dosing.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / blood
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacokinetics
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Azabicyclo Compounds* / administration & dosage
  • Azabicyclo Compounds* / blood
  • Azabicyclo Compounds* / pharmacokinetics
  • Azabicyclo Compounds* / therapeutic use
  • Ceftazidime* / administration & dosage
  • Ceftazidime* / blood
  • Ceftazidime* / pharmacokinetics
  • Ceftazidime* / therapeutic use
  • Drug Combinations*
  • Enterobacteriaceae / drug effects
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Middle Aged
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / drug effects
  • Retrospective Studies

Substances

  • Ceftazidime
  • Azabicyclo Compounds
  • avibactam, ceftazidime drug combination
  • Drug Combinations
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents