Taq DNA polymerase, which was discovered from a thermophilic aquatic bacterium (Thermus aquaticus), is an enzyme that possesses both reverse transcriptase activity and DNA polymerase activity. Colicin E (CE) protein belongs to a class of Escherichia coli toxins that utilize the vitamin receptor BtuB as a transmembrane receptor. Among these toxins, CE2, CE7, CE8, and CE9 are classified as non-specific DNase-type colicins. Taq DNA polymerase consists of a 5'→3' exonuclease domain, a 3'→5' exonuclease domain, and a polymerase domain. Taq DNA polymerase lacking the 5'→3' exonuclease domain (ΔTaq) exhibits higher yield but lower processivity, making it unable to amplify long fragments. In this study, we aimed to enhance the processivity of ΔTaq. To this end, we fused dCE with ΔTaq and observed a significant improvement in the processivity of the resulting dCE-ΔTaq compared to Taq DNA polymerase and dCE-Taq. Furthermore, its reverse transcriptase activity was also higher than that of ΔTaq. The most notable improvement was observed in dCE8-ΔTaq, which not only successfully amplified 8 kb DNA fragments within 1 minute, but also yielded higher results compared to other mutants. In summary, this study successfully enhanced the PCR efficiency and reverse transcription activity of Taq DNA polymerase by fusing ΔTaq DNA polymerase with dCE. This approach provides a novel approach for modifying Taq DNA polymerase and holds potential for the development of improved variants of Taq DNA polymerase.
Keywords: PCR efficiency; Taq DNA polymerase; colicin E; reverse transcriptase activity.