Transcriptome and co-expression network revealed molecular mechanism underlying selenium response of foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

Yinyuan Wen; Liuna Cheng; Zeya Zhao; Mengyao An; Shixue Zhou; Juan Zhao; Shuqi Dong; Xiangyang Yuan; Meiqiang Yin

doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1355518

Transcriptome and co-expression network revealed molecular mechanism underlying selenium response of foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

Front Plant Sci. 2024 Mar 11:15:1355518. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355518. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yinyuan Wen¹, Liuna Cheng^{1

2}, Zeya Zhao^{1

2}, Mengyao An¹, Shixue Zhou¹, Juan Zhao¹, Shuqi Dong¹, Xiangyang Yuan¹, Meiqiang Yin^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.
² Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Jinzhong, China.

Abstract

Introduction: Selenium-enriched foxtail millet (Setaria italica) represents a functional cereal with significant health benefits for humans. This study endeavors to examine the impact of foliar application of sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₄) on foxtail millet, specifically focusing on selenium (Se) accumulation and transportation within various plant tissues.

Methods: To unravel the molecular mechanisms governing selenium accumulation and transportation in foxtail millet, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of selenium content and transcriptome responses in foxtail millet spikelets across different days (3, 5, 7, and 12) under Na₂SeO₄ treatment (200 μmol/L).

Results: Foxtail millet subjected to selenium fertilizer exhibited significantly elevated selenium levels in each tissue compared to the untreated control. Selenate was observed to be transported and accumulated sequentially in the leaf, stem, and spikes. Transcriptome analysis unveiled a substantial upregulation in the transcription levels of genes associated with selenium metabolism and transport, including sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate transporters, ABC transporters, antioxidants, phytohormone signaling, and transcription factors. These genes demonstrated intricate interactions, both synergistic and antagonistic, forming a complex network that regulated selenate transport mechanisms. Gene co-expression network analysis highlighted three transcription factors in the tan module and three transporters in the turquoise module that significantly correlated with selenium accumulation and transportation. Expression of sulfate transporters (SiSULTR1.2b and SiSULTR3.1a), phosphate transporter (PHT1.3), nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1.1B), glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTs), and ABC transporter (ABCC13) increased with SeO₄ ^2- accumulation. Transcription factors MYB, WRKY, and bHLH were also identified as players in selenium accumulation.

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary insights into the mechanisms of selenium accumulation and transportation in foxtail millet. The findings hold theoretical significance for the cultivation of selenium-enriched foxtail millet.

Keywords: RNA-sequencing; Selenium biofortification; WGCNA; foxtail millet; phytohormones; sulfate transporters.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (20210302123373); Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau (SBGJXTZX-31); National Key R&D Plan(2021YFD1901103-5); Earmarked fund for CARS-foxtail millet and sorghum (CARS-06-14.5-A28); National Natural Science Foundation of China (30221803).