1 Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
2 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and.
3 Lungpacer Medical Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
4 Center for Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
5 Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
6 Anesthesia and Critical Care, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; and.
7 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
8 Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.