The impact of Internet pornography on children and adolescents: A systematic review

Frank W Paulus; Foujan Nouri; Susanne Ohmann; Eva Möhler; Christian Popow

doi:10.1016/j.encep.2023.12.004

The impact of Internet pornography on children and adolescents: A systematic review

Encephale. 2024 Mar 21:S0013-7006(24)00045-9. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.12.004. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Frank W Paulus¹, Foujan Nouri², Susanne Ohmann³, Eva Möhler², Christian Popow³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany. Electronic address: frank.paulus@uks.eu.
² Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
³ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

PMID: 38519310
DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.12.004

Abstract

Objectives: Young people's exposure to online pornographic material has increased in the past years. Its impact is a complex topic but an important issue due to growing concerns. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on Internet pornography consumption and its impact on children and adolescents. Furthermore, we examined young people's thoughts about pornography and their reasons for consumption.

Method: We performed a systematic literature search in the online databases ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX for peer-reviewed articles in English, published between 2000 and 2022 and additionally identified secondary references.

Results: We could determine associations between pornography consumption and demographic variables (e.g., age, gender), personal characteristics (e.g., [sexual] sensation seeking, sexual interest and experience, general risk behavior), environmental variables (e.g., peers, family), attitudes (e.g., gender role attitudes, permissive sexual attitudes), behavior (e.g. sexual risk behaviour, sexting) and sexual aggression (e.g., sexual cybervictimization, grooming). Moreover, we found that girls have a more negative attitude towards pornography than boys who have an ambivalent opinion on the subject. Most adolescents are aware that the majority of pornographic material is exaggerated and unrealistic. Furthermore, pornography is not only watched out of curiosity and for sexual arousal but also used as a source of sexual information, especially by minority groups.

Discussion: Many effects that impair children's development have been documented. The results found in this review are often contradictory. Therefore, further replication studies are needed. In addition, we propose several preventive measures, e.g., sexual health education at schools for both heterosexuals and LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) people.

Keywords: Adolescence; Children; Enfants; Internet; Pornographie; Pornography; Review literature; Revue de littérature.