Wetlands store one third of global soil organic carbon (SOC) and are strongly affected by artificial drainage. The impact of drainage-induced water-table decline on carbon cycling in different wetlands, particularly microbial transformation processes, remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we collected soil samples from two typical wetlands of China (a nutrient-poor bog located in Dajiuhu and a nutrient-rich fen in Hongyuan) and conducted an incubation experiment with the addition of 13C-labeled glucose to analyze the effects of short- and long-term drainage on SOC decomposition, extracellular enzyme activity, microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), and microbial carbon accumulation efficiency (CAE). The results showed that both short- and long-term drainage significantly increased SOC decomposition rates in both wetlands (from 1.47 μg C·g-1·h-1 in submerged soils to 2.47 μg C·g-1·h-1 in drained soils), microbial biomass carbon derived from glucose (from 0.21 mg C·g-1 to 1.00 mg C·g-1) and CAE (from 0.29 to 0.73), but did not alter CUE (ranging from 0.34 to 0.86). Long-term drainage increased α-glucosidase activity in the Dajiuhu wetland and decreased β-glucosidase and phenol oxidase activities in the Hongyuan wetland. In conclusion, drainage enhanced the 'microbial carbon pump' and its efficiency in wetlands mainly via increasing microbial intracellular metabolism (including respiration), but also acce-lerated SOC decomposition.
湿地储存了全球三分之一的土壤有机碳(SOC),并受到人为排水的强烈影响。然而,排水引起的水位下降对不同湿地碳循环(特别是微生物转化)过程的影响尚不明确。为此,本研究以我国两种典型湿地(贫营养型的大九湖湿地和富营养型的红原湿地)土壤为研究对象,通过添加13C标记葡萄糖的室内培养试验,分析了短期和长期排水对SOC降解、胞外酶活性、微生物碳利用效率(CUE)和微生物碳积累效率(CAE)的影响。结果表明: 长期和短期排水显著提高了两种湿地SOC降解速率(从淹水处理的1.47 μg C·g-1·h-1升高到排水处理的2.47 μg C·g-1·h-1)、葡萄糖来源的微生物生物量碳(从0.21 mg C·g-1升高到1.00 mg C·g-1)和CAE(从0.29升高到0.73),但未改变CUE(变化范围为0.34～0.86)。长期排水提高了大九湖湿地α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,但降低了红原湿地β-葡萄糖苷酶和酚氧化酶活性。综上,排水主要通过增强微生物胞内代谢过程(包括呼吸)提高湿地土壤“微生物碳泵”作用和效率,同时加速了SOC降解。.
Keywords: drainage; microbial carbon accumulation efficiency; microbial carbon use efficiency; soil organic carbon cycling; wetland.