We investigated species composition and community structure of a typical Quercus variabilis natural secondary forest in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains, within the dynamic monitoring plot of deciduous broad-leaved forest at the Louguantai experimental forest farm in Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province. The results showed that there were 3162 individual woody plants with diameter at breast height ≥1 cm in the plot, which were belonged to 42 species, 36 genera, and 25 families. The community genus's areal type was dominated by the temperate component, which accounted for 44.4%, and followed by the tropical component. The community was dominated by several tree species. The top three species with respect to importance value were Q. variabilis, Pinus tabuliformis, and Quercus aliena, with the sum of their importance value being 64.7%. The average DBH of all woody plants was 7.58 cm. The distribution of all individuals and dominant species in the tree layer was approximately normal, with more medium-size individuals. The community structure was stable. The community was poorly renewed, with a trend of population decline. Biodiversity indices varied considerably among different plots, being lower than those of subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. There was a significant correlation between community species distribution and environmental factors. Soil and topography explained 42.4% of the variation in community distribution. Altitude and soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen had a significant effect on community distribution. Altitude, soil total phosphorus, and organic matter content significantly affected the species diversity of Q. variabilis communities. The stronger adaptability of Q. variabilis populations allowed them to become dominant in low-nutrient environments, which limited species diversity in the community.
本文利用陕西省周至县楼观台实验林场的落叶阔叶林动态监测样地,研究了秦岭北麓典型栓皮栎天然次生林的物种组成和群落结构。结果表明: 样地内胸径≥1 cm的木本植物独立个体有3162株,木本植物有42种,隶属于25科36属。群落属的区系类型主要为温带成分,占总数的44.4%,热带成分次之。群落优势树种明显,重要值前3位的树种分别为栓皮栎、油松、槲栎,其重要值之和为64.7%。样地内所有个体的平均胸径为7.58 cm。所有个体以及乔木层优势种径级分布呈近似正态分布,且中等径级个体较多。群落结构稳定,但群落更新不良,种群有衰退的趋势。样地不同样方间生物多样性指数变异较大,均值低于亚热带常绿阔叶林。群落物种分布与环境因子有明显的相关性。土壤和地形解释了群落分布42.4%的变异。海拔和土壤速效钾对群落分布有显著影响。海拔、土壤全磷和有机质含量显著影响栓皮栎群落的物种多样性。栓皮栎种群较强的适应性使其在低养分环境占主导地位,但也限制了群落物种多样性。.
Keywords:
Qinling Mountains;