Association of adjuvant radiation and survival in human papilloma virus-positive oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion as the sole adverse pathologic feature

Head Neck. 2024 May;46(5):1043-1050. doi: 10.1002/hed.27740. Epub 2024 Mar 21.

Abstract

Background: Postoperative radiotherapy radiation therapy (PORT) for early-stage human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with positive lymphovascular invasion (LVI) has an unclear association with overall survival (OS).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study queried the National Cancer Database for surgically treated, T1-2, N0-1 HPV+ OPSCC from 2010 to 2019. Primary exposures were LVI and PORT, and the main outcome was 5-year OS. Odds ratios and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated using multivariable models and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively.

Results: Of 2768 patients, average age was 59.3 years, 2207 (79.7%) were male, and 386 (13.9%) had LVI. Of patients with LVI as their sole adverse pathologic feature, 220 (57.0%) received PORT, which was not associated with 5-year OS (HR, 1.13; CI, 0.65-1.19).

Conclusions: Patients with surgically treated, early-stage HPV+ OPSCC and positive LVI as their only pathologic adverse feature may not require PORT.

Keywords: adjuvant radiotherapy; human papillomavirus; lymphovascular invasion; oropharyngeal cancer; survival.

MeSH terms

  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / pathology
  • Female
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms*
  • Human Papillomavirus Viruses
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms* / radiotherapy
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Papillomavirus Infections*
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / radiotherapy