1 Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
2 Professional Post-Secondary Course (Physical Therapist), Sapporo Medical Technology, Welfare and Dentistry Professional Training College of Nishino Gakuen School Foundation, Sapporo, Japan.
3 Department of Rehabilitation, Hitsujigaoka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
4 Department of Rehabilitation, Heiseikai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
5 First Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
6 Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan.
7 Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan. ktani@sapmed.ac.jp.