Time trends in liver-related mortality in people with and without diabetes: Results from a population based study

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Mar 20:dgae182. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae182. Online ahead of print.

Abstract

Context: Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of dying from liver-related events, but little is known on whether this increased risk changed in recent years.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to describe time trends in cause-specific liver-related mortality in people with and without diabetes from the general Italian population.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the healthcare utilization databases of Lombardy, a region of Italy that accounts for about 16% (almost ten million) of its population. Annual cause-specific mortality rates and proportionate mortality were computed among individuals with and without diabetes from 2010 to 2019. Liver-related deaths were categorized as viral, alcohol related and non-viral non-alcohol related (NVNA).

Results: Liver diseases were responsible for 2% and 1% of deaths in people with and without diabetes (2019). Among patients with diabetes, the crude mortality rate for liver diseases decreased from 1.13 to 0.64 deaths per 1,000 person-years from 2010 to 2019. The largest proportion of liver-related deaths was attributable to NVNA diseases and it increased from 63% in 2010 to 68% in 2019, with a corresponding relative reduction of viral causes (from 27% to 23%). The Standardized Mortality Ratio for patients with diabetes was 3.35 (95% CI 2.96-3.76) for NVNA, 1.66 (95% CI 1.33-2.01) for viral hepatitis and 1.61 (95% CI 1.13-2.17) for alcoholic liver disease and it remained relatively stable over time. Excess mortality risk in patients with diabetes for liver-related mortality was higher than for cardiovascular mortality and cancer.

Conclusion: While liver-related mortality rates decreased significantly among patients with diabetes, NVNA causes comprised the majority of cases. Excess mortality for liver-related causes in patients with diabetes compared with controls remained constant in the studied period.

Keywords: NAFLD; diabetes; epidemiology; liver mortality.