Impact of age on the prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety, associated lifestyle factors, and body composition profile (low body muscle mass and high body fat mass) in older people residing in Colombo district, Sri Lanka

Samantha Chandrika Vijewardane; Aindralal Balasuriya; Alexandra M Johnstone; Phyo Kyaw Myint

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27064

Impact of age on the prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety, associated lifestyle factors, and body composition profile (low body muscle mass and high body fat mass) in older people residing in Colombo district, Sri Lanka

Heliyon. 2024 Mar 6;10(5):e27064. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27064. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.

Authors

Samantha Chandrika Vijewardane¹, Aindralal Balasuriya², Alexandra M Johnstone³, Phyo Kyaw Myint⁴

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK and Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka.
² Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Sri Lanka.
³ The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK.
⁴ Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK.

Abstract

Aims: To assess the impact of age on the prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety, associated lifestyle factors, and body composition profile (low body muscle mass and high-fat mass) in older Sri Lankans.

Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, older people of 60 years or above were selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique probability proportionate to the size. They were classified into 3 groups; 60-64, 65-69 and > 70-years. The poor-quality dietary variety was defined based on food variety, dietary diversity and dietary serving scores assessed using 24-h dietary recall. Body composition was measured using bio-electrical impedance. The impact of age on determinants of poor-quality dietary variety and being at risk of low muscle mass and high-fat mass were assessed by using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results: Eight hundred older participants with a mean (SD) 68.1(5.8) years were included. There were 28.4%(n = 227), 36.2%(n = 290) and 35.4%(n = 283) in the 60-64, 65-69 and ≥ 70-year age groups, respectively. The prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety was similar across age groups. The urban living environment, and getting nutritional advice from the GP/hospital were found to have a significant negative association only in the 60-64 age group. A poor-quality dietary variety was significantly associated with no education or up to the primary level in the 65-69 age group and having diabetes or hypertension in the ≥70-year group. Odds of low muscle mass and high-fat mass were 2.43(1.46-4.03) and 2.17(1.30-3.63) respectively among the≥70-year age group compared to the 60-64-year group, after controlling for confounders.

Conclusions: The prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety was similarly high in all age groups. Increasing age was associated with higher odds of low body muscle and high body fat mass despite similar dietary variety, indicating the need for special dietary attention.

Keywords: Ageing; Body composition; Dietary variety; Fat mass; Nutrition; Older people; Skeletal muscle mass.