Background: Brain tumor is a grave illness causing worldwide fatalities. The current detection methods for brain tumors are manual, invasive, and rely on histopathological analysis. Determining the type of brain tumor after its detection relies on biopsy measures and involves human subjectivity. The use of automated CAD techniques for brain tumor detection and classification can overcome these drawbacks.
Objective: The paper aims to create two deep learning-based CAD frameworks for automatic detection and severity grading of brain tumors - the first model for brain tumor detection in brain MR images and model 2 for the classification of tumors into three types: Glioma, Meningioma, and Pituitary based on severity grading.
Methods: The novelty of the research work includes the architectural design of deep learning frameworks for detection and classification of brain tumor using brain MR images. The hyperparameter tuning of the proposed models is done to achieve the optimal parameters that result in maximizing the models' performance and minimizing losses.
Results: The proposed CNN models outperform the existing state of the art models in terms of accuracy and complexity of the models. The proposed model developed for detection of brain tumors achieved an accuracy of 98.56% and CNN Model developed for severity grading of brain tumor achieved an accuracy of 92.36% on BraTs dataset.
Conclusion: The proposed models have an edge over the existing CNN models in terms of less complexity of the structure and appreciable accuracy with low training and test errors. The proposed CNN Models can be employed for clinical diagnostic purposes to aid the medical fraternity in validating their initial screening for brain tumor detection and its multi-classification.
Keywords: Classification; Computer aided diagnosis; Convolutional neural networks; Deep learning; Hyperparameter tuning; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical science..
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