White Dot Syndromes: Report of Three Cases

Abstract

Introduction: The term white dot syndromes has been used to refer conditions that differ in their morphology and prognosis. We report three cases of different pathologies encompassed within the white dot syndromes.

Case presentations: Case 1: A 26-year-old female presented with scotoma in her right eye. Fundus examination revealed multiple white dots that demonstrated early hyperfluorescence with late staining on FA. OCT showed discontinuities in inner segment-outer segment junction associated with columnar-shaped outer retinal hyperreflective bands. AF revealed multiple hyperautofluorescent dots around the posterior pole, compatible with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. The symptoms improved without treatment. Case 2: A 16-year-old male presented with retinal lesions compatible with punctate inner choroidopathy in his right eye. OCT showed lesion in the outer retinal layer. FAF revealed parafoveal hypoautofluorescent dots with early hyperfluorescence and late staining on FFA. After oral corticotherapy, they progress to atrophic scars. Case 3: A 65-year-old male presented with scotoma and decreased vision in his right eye. OCT showed hyperreflectivity in the outer layer that progresses to a large atrophic plaque with foveal affectation. FAF demonstrated hyperautofluorescent placoid lesion occupying macular area, compatible with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Retinal lesions improved with systemic corticosteroids.

Conclusion: The FAF pattern helps know the distribution of the lesions. It represents a noninvasive method that has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of white dot syndromes.

Keywords: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy; Fundus autofluorescence; Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome; Punctate inner choroidopathy; White dot syndromes.