An analysis of E-governance in Pakistan from the lens of the Chinese governance model

Muhammad Atique; Su Su Htay; Muhammad Mumtaz; Naqib Ullah Khan; Ali Altalbe

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27003

An analysis of E-governance in Pakistan from the lens of the Chinese governance model

Heliyon. 2024 Feb 27;10(5):e27003. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27003. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.

Authors

Muhammad Atique¹, Su Su Htay², Muhammad Mumtaz³, Naqib Ullah Khan⁴, Ali Altalbe⁵

Affiliations

¹ Digital Media Department, Stirling College, Chengdu University, China.
² College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
³ Department of Public Administration, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
⁴ School of Public Administration, Central South University, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410017, China.
⁵ Department of Computer Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

In this era of digitalization, the role of information and communication technology (ICT) has significantly increased. The integration of ICT into the government system has improved efficiency and working processes. Some countries such as China have successfully integrated ICT into their governance system. However, many other countries especially the developing world are yet to effectively utilize the role of ICT in their governance structure and these countries are struggling to produce a better governance system. It is, therefore, imperative for the developing world to learn from successful nations and devise their governance systems so that ICT can be fully utilized and produce good governance. However, such comparative analyses are not done as such to bring strengths and weaknesses in the integration of ICT into the governance system especially in developing countries' governance systems. This study contributes by conducting a comparative study on the China-Pakistan e-government progress. China has widely implemented e-government, which has helped the country to ensure good governance. Pakistan, on the other hand, is also moving towards digitalization and making efforts to implement e-government. This research examines the United Nations' E-Government Development Index (EGDI) reports and rankings. The findings of our research show that China has significantly improved its ranking, whereas Pakistan's ranking has indicated a gradual decline except for the year 2008. This happened because of a lack of investment in infrastructure, scarcity of financial resources, weak institutional capabilities, and limited access to advanced technologies. Moreover, there is a big gap between public policy and public implementation in Pakistani scenarios. However, it has been dug out in this study that employing the Chinese model and seeking cooperation with China can improve e-governance ranking and overall governance in Pakistan. The study advances the understanding of e-governance and its challenges in Pakistan and the findings of the study will assist researchers, policymakers, and officials in the implementation and development of e-projects in Pakistan.

Keywords: China & Pakistan; Digitalization; E-governance; Good governance; Governance transformation; ICTs.