Sarcopenia and anti-seizure medication response in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Brain Behav. 2024 Mar;14(3):e3464. doi: 10.1002/brb3.3464.

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the presence of sarcopenia in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and the association between sarcopenia and response to anti-seizure medication (ASM) in patients with JME.

Methods: We enrolled 42 patients with JME and 42 healthy controls who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging with three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging. We measured the temporal muscle thickness (TMT), a radiographic marker for sarcopenia, using T1-weighted imaging. We compared the TMT between patients with JME and healthy controls and analyzed it according to the ASM response in patients with JME. We also performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate how well the TMT differentiated the groups.

Results: The TMT in patients with JME did not differ from that in healthy controls (9.630 vs. 9.956 mm, p = .306); however, ASM poor responders had a lower TMT than ASM good responders (9.109 vs. 10.104 mm, p = .023). ROC curve analysis revealed that the TMT exhibited a poor performance in differentiating patients with JME from healthy controls, with an area under the ROC curve of .570 (p = .270), but good performance in differentiating between ASM good and poor responders, with an area under the ROC curve of .700 (p = .015).

Conclusion: The TMT did not differ between patients with JME and healthy controls; however, it was reduced in ASM poor responders compared to ASM good responders, suggesting a link between ASM response and sarcopenia in patients with JME. TMT can be used to investigate sarcopenia in various neurological disorders.

Keywords: epilepsy; magnetic resonance imaging; sarcopenia.

MeSH terms

  • Brain
  • Head
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile* / complications
  • Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile* / diagnostic imaging
  • Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile* / drug therapy
  • Sarcopenia* / diagnostic imaging