Purpose: Various surgical treatments have been described for the treatment of reverse Hill-Sachs lesions (rHSls) sized between 20% and 50% in the case of posterior shoulder dislocation. The aim of this systematic review is to report the clinical and radiological outcomes of subscapularis or lesser tuberosity transfer (McLaughlin and modified procedures) compared to bone or osteochondral autograft or allograft.
Methods: A systematic review was performed on five medical databases up to December 2022. The inclusion criteria were clinical studies of all levels of evidence describing clinical or radiological outcomes of either procedure. The assessment of the quality of evidence was performed with the Modified Coleman Score.
Results: A total of 14 studies (five prospective and nine retrospective) were included. A total of 153 patients (155 shoulders, 78.4% male) with a mean age of 37.2 (22-79) years were reviewed at an average follow-up of 53.1 (7.1-294) months. No relevant difference was found for the clinical scores, range of motion, complications and redislocation rate between the two treatments. Radiological osteoarthritis (OA) was reported in 11% (10/87) in the McLaughlin group and in 21% (16/73) in the humeral reconstruction group.
Conclusions: McLaughlin and anatomic humeral reconstruction lead to similar satisfactory clinical results and a low redislocation rate in the treatment of rHSls. Anatomic humeral reconstruction seems associated with an increased risk of OA progression.
Level of evidence: Level IV.
Keywords: McLaughlin; anterior shoulder depression; posterior shoulder dislocation; reverse Hill–Sachs; shoulder instability.
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy.