Studies on the Removal of Malachite Green from Its Aqueous Solution Using Water-Insoluble β-Cyclodextrin Polymers

Guruprasad M Jayanayak; Rajesha Ganalu; Shashikanth; Shareefraza J Ukkund; Shamsuddin Ahmed; Majed AlSubih; Saiful Islam

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c06504

Studies on the Removal of Malachite Green from Its Aqueous Solution Using Water-Insoluble β-Cyclodextrin Polymers

ACS Omega. 2024 Feb 23;9(9):10132-10145. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06504. eCollection 2024 Mar 5.

Authors

Guruprasad M Jayanayak¹, Rajesha Ganalu², Shashikanth³, Shareefraza J Ukkund⁴, Shamsuddin Ahmed⁵, Majed AlSubih⁶, Saiful Islam⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570005, India.
² Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bharathi College - Post Graduate and Research Centre, Bharathi Nagara 571422, Karnataka, India.
³ Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570006, India.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, P. A. College of Engineering, Mangalore 574153, India.
⁵ Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Dhaka 1704, Bangladesh.
⁶ Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

The rising global pollution of natural waters by dyes has brought to light the need for adaptable and efficient removal techniques. To create water-insoluble β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymers like CA/-CD, TA/-CD, and MA/-CD, several organic acids including citric acid (CA), tartaric acid (TA), and malic acid (MA) were cross-linked with β-cyclodextrin in this study. The obtained polymers were characterized by different advanced analytical techniques such as FTIR, SEM, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Malachite green dye was removed from aqueous solutions using the synthesized polymers by adsorption. The adsorption investigation was conducted under several conditions, including pH, adsorbent mass, dye concentration, temperature, contact time, adsorption isotherm, and kinetics. The adsorbent CA/β-CD shows the highest adsorption of MG dye in all of the conditions because it contains a high number of carboxyl groups. The negatively charged carboxyl ions of CA/β-CD attract the positively charged MG dye electrostatically and remove MG from aqueous media with an efficiency of 91%. As a result, the findings indicated that water-insoluble polymers based on β-cyclodextrin are well-suited as inexpensive adsorbents to remove colors from aqueous media.