Systemic immune-inflammation Index is associated with chronic kidney disease in the U.S. population: insights from NHANES 2007-2018

Xiaoxin Liu; Xinyu Li; Yulin Chen; Xiaoyu Liu; Yanyan Liu; Haotian Wei; Ningxu Li

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331610

Systemic immune-inflammation Index is associated with chronic kidney disease in the U.S. population: insights from NHANES 2007-2018

Front Immunol. 2024 Feb 21:15:1331610. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331610. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Xiaoxin Liu¹, Xinyu Li², Yulin Chen¹, Xiaoyu Liu², Yanyan Liu², Haotian Wei², Ningxu Li¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
² Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Abstract

Objectives: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a novel and systematic inflammatory biomarker that is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not received much attention. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SII and CKD in the United States (U.S.) population.

Methods: Our study ultimately included a nationally representative sample of 10,787 adults who participated in the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the correlation between SII and CKD, and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was subsequently used to explore the non-linear relationship between SII and CKD. Subgroup analyses were performed to further the effects of other covariates on the relationship between SII and CKD.

Results: Following confounder adjustment, a higher SII was related to the incidence of CKD (OR =1.36; 95% CI, 1.07-1.73; p =0.01), as validated by multivariable logistic regression. The RCS curve revealed a non-linear positive correlation between SII/1000 and CKD incidence (p for non-linear =0.0206). Additionally, subgroup analysis confirmed a stronger correlation for male participants (OR =2.628; 95% CI, 1.829-3.776) than for female participants (OR =1.733; 95% CI, 1.379-2.178) (p for interaction =0.046).

Conclusions: SII is positively associated with the incidence of CKD among U.S. adults, especially in males. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings and explore the causal factors that can contribute to the prevention and treatment of CKD.

Keywords: NHANES; chronic kidney disease; cross-sectional study; population-based study; systemic immune inflammation index.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Female
Humans
Inflammation* / epidemiology
Male
Nutrition Surveys
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* / epidemiology

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81974088) and the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 82230021).