Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO VA) as part of a multimodal approach for the protection of spinal cord ischemia in surgical repair of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm

Abstract

Spinal cord ischaemia leading to paraplegia or paraparesis is one of the most devastating complications of aortic surgery. The risk of ischaemia is particularly high in repairs involving both the thoracic and abdominal segments, because in these cases blood flow to the spinal arteries can be interrupted. Multimodal protocols have now been developed to reduce the incidence of this complication, and include measures such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, avoidance of hypotension and anaemia, systemic hypothermia, neuromonitoring, maintaining distal perfusion during proximal clamping of the aorta, and reimplantation of intercostal or lumbar arteries, whenever feasible. We describe a case in which, due to the special characteristics of the surgery, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) was used to maintain distal blood flow in the lumbar, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric arteries during aortic clamping. This approach reduced the risk of spinal cord and visceral ischaemia, and also eliminated the need for thoracotomy because partial left bypass was not required.

Keywords: Aneurismas toracoabdominales; Anterior spinal artery syndrome; Isquemia medular; Oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea veno-arterial (ECMO VA); Spinal cord ischaemia; Síndrome de arteria espinal anterior; Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm; Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system (VA ECMO).