Objective: To examine the effectiveness of health education and counseling on the stages of change, decisional balance, and smoking cessations elf-efficacy in smokers with no intention of quitting.
Methods: A prospective self-controlled design was conducted between December 2020 and December 2022. The research period was divided into a control stage (first to fourth weeks) and an experimental stage (fifth to eighth weeks). Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and habitually smoked were recruited. Pearson correlation and a one-factor repeated-measurement analysis were performed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.
Results: In total, 108 male CAD patients with a mean age of 58.1 years were recruited. After 4 weeks of the intervention, 55 (51%) exhibited behavior change (X 2 = 18.03, p = .001). The decisional balance and smoking cessation self-efficacy scores significantly improved in the experimental stage. No significant differences were observed in the control stage.
Conclusions: Four weeks of health education and counseling could effectively improve participants' stage of change, decisional balance, and smoking cessation self-efficacy.
Practice implication: Healthcare professionals can play key roles in helping CAD patients successfully quit smoking through individual education and counseling.
Keywords: Coronary artery disease; Counseling; Decisional balance; Health education; Self-efficacy; Smoking cessation; Transtheoretical model.
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