'I Thought It Was My Diabetes': An Acute Presentation of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

R I Med J (2013). 2024 Mar 1;107(3):10-13.

Abstract

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is an immune-mediated neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Patients typically present with sensory deficits, weakness, and incontinence. This is a case of a 43-year-old female with diabetes mellitus admitted for acute onset leg weakness and stool incontinence. Spinal MRI imaging revealed transverse myelitis, and her lab work was significant for an anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody titer of 1:2,560. Initial treatment consisted of a high-dose steroid taper and plasmapheresis. This unique case illustrates the importance in recognizing delayed presentations of rare neuroinflammatory conditions previously assumed to be a sequela of diabetic neuropathy.

Keywords: Devic’s Disease; NMO; NMOSD; Neuromyelitis Optica; transverse myelitis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Autoantibodies / therapeutic use
  • Diabetes Mellitus*
  • Disease Progression
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Neuromyelitis Optica* / diagnosis
  • Neuromyelitis Optica* / diagnostic imaging

Substances

  • Autoantibodies