Effect of 3-D depth structure, element size, and area containing elements on total-element overestimation phenomenon

Yusuke Matsuda; Saori Aida; Koichi Shimono

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299307

Effect of 3-D depth structure, element size, and area containing elements on total-element overestimation phenomenon

PLoS One. 2024 Feb 27;19(2):e0299307. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299307. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yusuke Matsuda¹, Saori Aida², Koichi Shimono³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Applied Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science, Chino, Nagano, Japan.
² Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
³ Department of Logistics and Information Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract

The number of elements distributed in a three-dimensional stimulus is overestimated compared to a two-dimensional stimulus when both stimuli have the same number of elements. We examined the effect of the properties of a three-dimensional stimulus (the number of overlapping stereo surfaces, size of the elements, and size of the area containing elements, on the overestimation phenomenon in four experiments. The two stimuli were presented side-by-side with the same diameters. Observers judged which of the three-dimensional standard and two-dimensional comparison had more elements. The results showed that (a) the overestimation phenomenon occurred for the three-dimensional standard stimuli, (b) the size of the areas affected the amount of overestimation, while the number of overlapping stereo surfaces and size of elements did not, and (c) the amount of overestimation increased when the stimuli included more than 100 elements. Implications of these findings were discussed in the framework of back-surface bias, occlusion, and disparity-processing interference models.

Copyright: © 2024 Matsuda et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

MeSH terms

Depth Perception*
Vision Disparity*

Grants and funding

This work was partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-grants/), Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(19K20645) for YM; Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(B)(17K18187) for SA; Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(21K18027) for SA; Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)(23330215, 15H03463) for KS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of manuscript.