Magnitude and factors associated with delay in treatment-seeking among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in public health facilities in Habro district, eastern Ethiopia

Assefa Getiye; Hamdi Fekredin Zakaria; Alemayehu Deressa; Galana Mamo; Mulugeta Gamachu; Abdi Birhanu; Addis Eyeberu; Adera Debela; Behailu Hawulte; Gezahegne Tesfaye; Ibsa Mussa

doi:10.1177/11786329241232532

Magnitude and factors associated with delay in treatment-seeking among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in public health facilities in Habro district, eastern Ethiopia

Health Serv Insights. 2024 Feb 23:17:11786329241232532. doi: 10.1177/11786329241232532. eCollection 2024.

Affiliations

¹ Habro Woreda Health Office, West Hararge, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia.
² School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
³ School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
⁴ School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: In developing nations, almost two-thirds of people with active tuberculosis (TB) remain undetected and untreated. Delays in seeking treatment increase the severity of the illness, the likelihood of mortality, and the risk of the infection spreading to others in the community. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of delay in treatment-seeking and its associated factors among new adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending public health facilities in Habro District, West Harerge Zone, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 420 randomly selected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who visited public health facilities in Habro District from September 5 to October 5, 2022. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, and a 95% confidence interval was used to select significant variables.

Result: Twenty-one days after the start of their illness, 62.38% (95% CI: 57.4%, 66.6%) of the patients sought an initial consultation. Being female (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.65), having poor knowledge about TB (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.77, 5.43), having no contact history with TB patients (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.29, 9.58), having clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.67), and living a long distance from the nearest health facility (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.31, 6.23) were important predictors contributing to TB patient treatment delay.

Conclusion: In the current study, more than three-fifths of TB patients delayed seeking treatment. Thus, awareness of tuberculosis should be created, especially targeting females and communities found at a distance from the health facility. Additionally, health professionals should emphasise the importance of getting medical attention early and knowing how to suspect and identify tuberculosis symptoms.

Keywords: Ethiopia; Magnitude; delay in treatment-seeking; tuberculosis.