Optimizing Botulinum Toxin A Administration for Forehead Wrinkles: Introducing the Lines and Dots (LADs) Technique and a Predictive Dosage Model

Toxins (Basel). 2024 Feb 17;16(2):109. doi: 10.3390/toxins16020109.

Abstract

This study introduces the Lines and Dots (LADs) technique, a new approach for administering botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in treating forehead wrinkles. (1) Background: BoNT-A application patterns in the forehead often rely solely on the anatomy of the frontalis muscle. The LADs technique proposes a combination of anatomical features with nerve pathways. (2) Methods: The technique employed a grid system aligned with the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve pathways and used an electronic acupuncture pen for validation. This study analyzed treatment outcomes for efficacy and safety and proposed a predictive model for BoNT-A dosage. (3) Results: LADs was associated with a high satisfaction rate and low side effect incidence. The predictive model followed BoNT-A Units=0.322×Muscle Pattern Code+1.282×Line Type Code+2.905×Severity Pre-Treatment+3.947. (4) Conclusions: The LADs technique offers an alternative approach to treating forehead wrinkles, optimizing efficacy while minimizing the BoNT-A dose required.

Keywords: botulinum toxin type A; cosmetic dermatology; forehead wrinkles; nerve pathways; personalized treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A* / therapeutic use
  • Facial Muscles
  • Forehead / anatomy & histology
  • Neuromuscular Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A
  • Neuromuscular Agents

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.