Maternal birth weight as an indicator of early and late gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study

Kazuma Tagami; Noriyuki Iwama; Hirotaka Hamada; Hasumi Tomita; Rie Kudo; Natsumi Kumagai; Hongxin Wang; Seiya Izumi; Zen Watanabe; Mami Ishikuro; Taku Obara; Nozomi Tatsuta; Hirohito Metoki; Chiharu Ota; Takashi Sugiyama; Shinichi Kuriyama; Takahiro Arima; Nobuo Yaegashi; Masatoshi Saito; Japan Environment and Children's Study Group

doi:10.1111/jdi.14159

Maternal birth weight as an indicator of early and late gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study

J Diabetes Investig. 2024 Feb 23. doi: 10.1111/jdi.14159. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Kazuma Tagami¹, Noriyuki Iwama^{1

2}, Hirotaka Hamada¹, Hasumi Tomita¹, Rie Kudo¹, Natsumi Kumagai¹, Hongxin Wang¹, Seiya Izumi¹, Zen Watanabe¹, Mami Ishikuro^{2

3}, Taku Obara^{2

3}, Nozomi Tatsuta⁴, Hirohito Metoki^{5

6}, Chiharu Ota^{4

7}, Takashi Sugiyama⁸, Shinichi Kuriyama^{2

3

9}, Takahiro Arima⁴, Nobuo Yaegashi^{4

6}, Masatoshi Saito^{1

10}; Japan Environment and Children's Study Group

Affiliations

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
² Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
³ Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
⁴ Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
⁵ Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
⁶ Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
⁸ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
⁹ International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

PMID: 38391358
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14159

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association of maternal birth weight (MBW) with early and late gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: A total of 69318 pregnant Japanese women were included in this birth cohort study. The associations between maternal birth weight and early gestational diabetes mellitus (diagnosed at <24 gestational weeks) and late GDM (diagnosed at ≥24 gestational weeks) were investigated using a multinomial logistic regression model, with an maternal birth weight of 3000-3499 g as the reference category.

Results: Lower maternal birth weight was associated with higher odds of developing early and late gestational diabetes mellitus (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for early gestational diabetes mellitus in participants with a MBW of <2500 g and 2500-2999 g were 1.345 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.912-1.984) and 1.338 (95% CI: 1.098-1.629), respectively. The aORs for late gestational diabetes mellitus in participants with a MBW of <2500 g and 2500-2999 g were, 1.657 (95% CI: 1.298-2.115) and 1.218 (95% CI: 1.058-1.402), respectively.

Conclusions: Regardless of the gestational age when gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed, a lower maternal birth weight was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the association of a MBW <2500 g with late gestational diabetes mellitus tended to be stronger than that with early gestational diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Birth weight; Cohort study; Gestational diabetes.