Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index is inversely associated with visceral adipose tissue area among U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Obesity is becoming a global health problem. Visceral adiposity is the main cause of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary improvement is the key to controlling obesity. We hypothesized that a higher Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) was associated with a lower visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area. In this cross-sectional study, 10,389 adults were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. CDAI was calculated based on 6 micronutrients: zinc, selenium, total carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E. VAT area was determined by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between CDAI and VAT area. Subgroup analyses were also performed. The mean age of participants was 39.68 years, 5240 were male, and 3841 of those were non-Hispanic White. The inverse associations were observed in all models. In model 3, CDAI was inversely associated with VAT area as a continuous variable, β (95% confidence interval), -0.56 (-0.85 to -0.27). When compared with the first tertile, the third tertile of CDAI was also inversely associated with VAT area, β (95% confidence interval), -6.72 (-10.44 to -2.99). No interactions were found in the subgroup analyses. In conclusion, an inverse association between CDAI and VAT area was found among U.S. adults aged 20 to 59 years. These results suggest the possible benefit of an antioxidant diet in relieving visceral obesity. More prospective studies are needed to identify this dietary benefit.

Keywords: Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index; Cross-sectional study; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Obesity; U.S. adults; Visceral adipose tissue.