Castanea sativa wood is a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins, known for their diverse bioactivities. To investigate these bioactive properties further, it is crucial to isolate and characterize hydrophilic compounds effectively. To address this issue, we developed a centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method and applied it to an aqueous C. sativa wood extract. We determined the partition coefficients (KD) of the six major compounds using four butanol-/water-based biphasic solvent systems. Initially, we utilized the n-butanol/propanol/water (3:1:4, v/v/v) systems for the first fractionation step. Subsequently, we employed the water/methyl tert-butyl ether/butanol/acetone (8:5:3:4, v/v/v/v) system to fractionate moderately and highly hydrophilic fractions. We calculated the KD values for major compounds of the most hydrophilic fractions using the butanol/ethanol/water (4:1:5, v/v/v) and butanol/isopropanol/water (2:1:3, v/v/v) systems. In total, we isolated 23 compounds through a combination of CPC, size exclusion chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Among these compounds, six have never been previously described. We characterized them by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and high-resolution mass spectroscopy acquisitions.