Epstein-Barr virus seroprevalence among inflammatory bowel disease patients in Saudi Arabia

Badr Al-Bawardy; Abdulaziz F Alfadley; Mohammed Almousallam; Saad AlShathri; Mohamed Aboueissa; Abdulrahman Alsulaiman; Mashary Attamimi; Abdulelah AlMutairdi

doi:10.4103/sjg.sjg_380_23

Epstein-Barr virus seroprevalence among inflammatory bowel disease patients in Saudi Arabia

Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2024 Feb 15. doi: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_380_23. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Badr Al-Bawardy^{1

2

3}, Abdulaziz F Alfadley¹, Mohammed Almousallam¹, Saad AlShathri¹, Mohamed Aboueissa¹, Abdulrahman Alsulaiman¹, Mashary Attamimi², Abdulelah AlMutairdi^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA.

PMID: 38358251
DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_380_23

Abstract

Background: Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is variable based on geographic distribution. There are no published data on the seroprevalence of EBV in patients with IBD in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of EBV in patients with IBD in a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients ≥14 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD and known EBV status at our institution from January 1, 2018, to January 1, 2023. The primary outcome was the seroprevalence of EBV in IBD. Secondary outcomes included factors associated with EBV seropositivity and rates of EBV seroconversion in originally negative patients.

Results: A total of 150 patients were included (74.7% with Crohn's disease, median age 28 years [interquartile range 21-36.3]). EBV non-exposure was noted in 16.8% (n = 25). The mean age was significantly lower in the EBV-naïve group at 26 ± 8.5 years compared to the EBV-exposed group at 31.2 ± 12.9 years (P = 0.02). Seroprevalence of EBV was highest in patients >40 years of age (92.9%) and lowest in patients 14-25 years of age (78.2%). The rate of seroconversion in EBV-naïve patients was 16.7% after a mean follow-up time of 47.9 ± 46.3 months.

Conclusion: In our cohort of IBD patients, 16.8% were naïve to EBV, and young age was a significant predictor of EBV non-exposure. Our data supports the practice of assessing EBV before initiating thiopurine therapy since EBV seroprevalence is not universal in our population.