This work reviews biofilm investigation techniques and highlights the benefits and drawbacks of each approach focusing especially on Pseudomonas syringae and may serve as a comprehensive guide for any early-career researchers starting with the topic of biofilm. Each approach with applications of individual microscopy and spectroscopy techniques is summarized together with characterization of Pseudomonas syringae and its role in pathogenesis.
Keywords: Pseudomonas syringae; Biofilm; microscopy; plant pathogen; plant-microbe interaction.
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Applied Microbiology International.