A colorimetric detection of dopamine in urine and serum based on the CeO2 @ZIF-8/Cu-CDs laccase-like nanozyme activity

Abstract

This study reports a sensitive and selective colorimetric approach for the analysis of dopamine (DA) based on CeO₂ @ZIF-8/Cu-CDs laccase-like nanozymes activity. The CeO₂ @ZIF-8/Cu-CDs was synthesized using cerium oxide (CeO₂ ) and copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) with 2-methylimidazole by a facilely hydrothermal approach. The CeO₂ @ZIF-8/Cu-CDs exhibited excellent laccase-like nanozymes activity and can oxidize the colorless substrate (DA) to red product with 4-aminoantipyrine as the chromogenic agent. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K_m ) and the maximal velocity (V_max ) of CeO₂ @ZIF-8/Cu-CDs are 0.20 mM and 1.48 μM/min, respectively. The detection method has a linear range of 0.05-7.5 μg/mL and a detection limit as low as 8.5 ng/mL with good reproducibility. The developed colorimetric sensor was applied to rapid and precise quantitative evaluation of DA levels in serum and urine samples. This study presents a new approach for detecting biological molecules by utilizing the controlled regulation of nanozymes' laccase-like activity.

Keywords: CeO2@ZIF-8/Cu-CDs nanozymes; colorimetric detection; dopamine.