Up regulation of serum L fucose glycoprotein as a diagnostic biomarker for dysplasia in oral sub mucous fibrosis patients

Sunil Kumar Vaddamanu; Ravinder S Saini; Bhavana T Veerabasavaiah; Fahad Hussain Alhamoudi; AbdulKhaliq Ali F Alshadidi; Antonino Lo Giudice; Marco Cicciù; Giuseppe Minervini

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24211

Up regulation of serum L fucose glycoprotein as a diagnostic biomarker for dysplasia in oral sub mucous fibrosis patients

Heliyon. 2024 Jan 9;10(2):e24211. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24211. eCollection 2024 Jan 30.

Authors

Sunil Kumar Vaddamanu¹, Ravinder S Saini¹, Bhavana T Veerabasavaiah², Fahad Hussain Alhamoudi¹, AbdulKhaliq Ali F Alshadidi¹, Antonino Lo Giudice³, Marco Cicciù³, Giuseppe Minervini⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Oral Medical & Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, India.
³ Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy.
⁴ Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121, Naples, Italy.

Abstract

Glycoproteins, essential for cellular functions, contain monosaccharides like Levo-fucose, crucial for cell communication. Recent research highlights serum L-fucose as a potential biomarker for early detection of malignancies. Typically, serum L-fucose levels are low but rise with malignancy. This study evaluates serum L-fucose as an early biomarker in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients.

Aim: Assess serum L-fucose's diagnostic potential for dysplasia in OSMF patients.

Objectives: Determine the Association between Serum L Fucose Glycoprotein Levels and Dysplasia in OSF Patients.Evaluate the Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum L Fucose Glycoprotein as a Biomarker for OSF-Related Dysplasia.

Methodology: Over a span of two years, this study encompassed 80 subjects, aged between 18 and 60 years, who were clinically and histopathologically identified as OSMF patients, with or without dysplastic alterations. From each participant, 5 ml of blood was collected. Following centrifugation to separate the serum, the samples were analyzed to determine the levels of Levo-fucose.

Statistical analysis: Using SPSS (version 17.0), serum L-Fucose levels of the case group were compared to the control group using ANOVA. Frequencies were analyzed with the chi-square test, and Tukey's Test was used for multiple comparisons. Significance was set at p < 0.01.

Results: The analysis revealed a statistically significant disparity in the mean serum L-Fucose levels between the two groups (p < 0.01). Notably, Group II patients (those with OSMF and dysplasia) exhibited markedly elevated mean serum L-fucose levels.

Conclusion: Elevated serum L-Fucose levels were observed in OSMF patients with dysplasia. Harmful habits, especially gutkha chewing, were linked to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma onset. Serum L-fucose can be a reliable marker for evaluating precancerous conditions.

Keywords: Dysplasia; Fucosylation; Glycoprotein; Malignant transformation; Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF); Premalignant; Serum L fucose.