Effect of S-adenosyl-methionine accumulation on hineka odor in sake brewed with a non-Kyokai yeast

Abstract

Hineka is a type of off-flavor of sake and is attributed to the presence of several compounds, including a major one called dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). The production of the main precursor of DMTS involves yeast methionine salvage pathway. The DMTS-producing potential (DMTS-pp) of sake brewed using the Km67 strain, a non-Kyokai sake yeast, is lower than that of sake brewed using Kyokai yeast; however, the detailed mechanism is unclear. We focused on S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) and aimed to elucidate the mechanism that prevents DMTS production in sake brewed using the Km67 strain. We revealed that SAM is involved in DMTS production in sake, and that the conversion of SAM to the DMTS precursor occurs through an enzymatic reaction rather than a chemical reaction. Based on previous reports on ADO1 and MDE1 genes, sake brewing tests were performed using the Km67 Δmde1, Δado1, and Δmde1Δado1 strains. A comparison of the SAM content of pressed sake cakes and DMTS-pp of sake produced using the Km67 Δado1 strain showed an increase in both SAM content and DMTS-pp compared to those produced using the parent strain. However, the Km67 Δmde1Δado1 strain showed little increase in DMTS-pp compared to the Km67 Δmde1 strain, despite an increase in SAM content. These results suggest that SAM accumulation in yeast plays a role in the production of DMTS in sake through the methionine salvage pathway. Moreover, the low SAM-accumulation characteristic of the Km67 strain contributes to low DMTS production in sake.

Keywords: Dimethyl trisulfide; Hineka; Methionine salvage pathway; S-Adenosyl-methionine; Sake yeast.