Sepsis as a consequence of infection is a frequent cause of death among critically ill patients. The most common sites of infection are lover respiratory tract, abdominal, urinary tract and catheter-associated blood stream infections. Early empiric, broad-spectrum therapy in those with severe sepsis and/or shock with the aim of reducing mortality may lead to antibiotic overuse, resistance and increased costs. Among numerous serum biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT) has proved to be one of the most reliable ones in the diagnosis of sepsis. An important means of limiting antibiotic resistance is the antibiotic stewardship program, especially in intensive care units with critically ill patients and prevalence of multiple drug-resistant pathogens. The PCT-guided antibiotic stewardship was first started in Western Europe and Asia-Pacific countries, as well as in the United States. Considering that this method has proven to be effective in reducing antibiotic consumption while improving clinical outcome, a group of experts from the Balkan region decided to make their own recommendations and PCT protocol. When creating this protocol for initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment, they especially reviewed the literature for lower respiratory tract infection and sepsis. In the protocol, they have included the severity of illness, clinical assessment, and PCT levels. Developing a consensus on the clinical algorithm by eminent experts/specialists in various fields of medicine should enable clinicians to use PCT for initiation of antibiotic therapy and monitoring PCT to stop antibiotics earlier. It is crucial that the PCT-guided algorithm becomes an integral part of institutional stewardship program.
Keywords: Antibiotic stewardship; Procalcitonin; Respiratory tract infections; Sepsis.
Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital.