In cases of unresectable, locally advanced esophageal cancer, conversion surgery may be considered if chemotherapy produces favorable results and surgical resection is indicated. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in chemotherapy for esophageal cancer has expanded, and has increased the number of cases in which conversion surgery becomes possible. The patient in the present report had received a diagnosis of Stage Ⅳa esophageal carcinoma, and a prior nephroureterectomy discouraged the administration of platinum-based agents. Nivolumab and ipilimumab were administered as induction chemotherapy. Despite the achievement of stable disease, the patient's esophageal stricture deteriorated, necessitating surgical intervention. The resected specimen revealed that fewer than 50% of malignant cells remained viable and residual cancer cells were noticeably absent, particularly in the enlarged lymph nodes. We herein present the details of this case and discuss the literature concerning surgery following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.