Association of dietary fat intake with skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength in adults aged 20-59: NHANES 2011-2014

Shijia Wang; Yu Zhang; Dandan Zhang; Fang Wang; Wei Wei; Qiong Wang; Yuanyuan Bao; Kang Yu

doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1325821

Association of dietary fat intake with skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength in adults aged 20-59: NHANES 2011-2014

Front Nutr. 2024 Jan 17:10:1325821. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1325821. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Shijia Wang^{1

2}, Yu Zhang², Dandan Zhang³, Fang Wang², Wei Wei², Qiong Wang², Yuanyuan Bao², Kang Yu²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
² Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
³ Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, needs to initially prevent in the twenties. Meanwhile, there is a lack of research on the effects of fat consumption on skeletal muscle mass and strength in adults aged 20-59. We aimed to assess associations between dietary fat intake and skeletal muscle mass, as measured by appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (ALM_BMI), and muscle strength, as represented by handgrip strength adjusted for body mass index (GSMAX_BMI), among adults aged 20-59.

Methods: Dietary fat intake per kilogram of actual body weight was assessed using two 24h recalls, while ALM and GSMAX were measured using DXA and a handgrip dynamometer, respectively. A weighted multiple linear regression model was employed to analyze the association between dietary fat intake and skeletal muscle mass, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning from 2011 to 2014. To assess the non-linear relationship and saturation value between dietary fat intake and skeletal muscle mass, a smooth curve fitting approach and a saturation effect analysis model were utilized.

Results: The study comprised a total of 5356 subjects. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a positive association observed between dietary fat intake and ALM_BMI as well as GSMAX_BMI. The relationship between dietary fat intake and ALM_BMI showed an inverted U-shaped curve, as did the association with GSMAX_BMI. Turning points were observed at 1.88 g/kg/d for total fat intake and ALM_BMI, as well as at 1.64 g/kg/d for total fat intake and GSMAX_BMI. Furthermore, turning points were still evident when stratifying by gender, age, protein intake, and physical activity. The turning points were lower in individuals with low protein intake(<0.8 g/kg/d) and high levels of physical activity.

Conclusion: The moderate dietary fat intake can be beneficial for muscle mass and strength in adults aged 20-59 under specific conditions. Special attention should be directed toward the consumption of fats in individuals with low protein intake and those engaged in high levels of physical activity.

Keywords: NHANES; appendicular lean mass; fat; handgrip strength; non-aged; sarcopenia.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-055), the National Tutorial System Project of Suzhou Health Young Talents (Qngg2022010), and the Suzhou Science and Education Strengthening Health Youth Project (KJXW2021019). The funding sources had no role in the study design or conduction, data collection or analysis, or the writing of the report.