Mechanical power and normalized mechanical power in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome

Farhan A R Shaikh; Karthik N Ramaswamy; Dinesh K Chirla; Shekhar T Venkataraman; Martin C J Kneyber

doi:10.3389/fped.2024.1293639

Mechanical power and normalized mechanical power in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front Pediatr. 2024 Jan 16:12:1293639. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1293639. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Farhan A R Shaikh¹, Karthik N Ramaswamy², Dinesh K Chirla¹, Shekhar T Venkataraman³, Martin C J Kneyber^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
² Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Chennai, India.
³ Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
⁴ Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
⁵ Critical Care, Anaesthesiology, Peri-Operative & Emergency Medicine (CAPE), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Abstract

Background: Mechanical power (MP) refers to the energy transmitted over time to the respiratory system and serves as a unifying determinant of ventilator-induced lung injury. MP normalization is required to account for developmental changes in children. We sought to examine the relationship between mechanical energy (ME_BW), MP normalized to body weight (MP_BW), and MP normalized to respiratory compliance (MP_CRS) concerning the severity and outcomes of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (pARDS).

Method: In this retrospective study, children aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with pARDS who underwent pressure-control ventilation for at least 24 h between January 2017 and September 2020 were enrolled. We calculated MP using Becher's equation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, pediatric organ dysfunction score, and oxygenation index (OI) was performed to determine the independent association of MP and its derivatives 24 h after diagnosing pARDS with 28-day mortality. The association was also studied for 28 ventilator-free days (VFD-28) and the severity of pARDS in terms of OI.

Results: Out of 246 admitted with pARDS, 185 were eligible, with an overall mortality of 43.7%. Non-survivors exhibited higher severity of illness, as evidenced by higher values of MP, MP_BW, and ME_BW. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only ME_BW but not MP, MP_BW, or MP_CRS at 24 h was independently associated with mortality [adjusted OR: 1.072 (1.002-1.147), p = 0.044]. However, after adjusting for the type of pARDS, ME_BW was not independently associated with mortality [adjusted OR: 1.061 (0.992-1.136), p = 0.085]. After adjusting for malnutrition, only MP at 24 h was found to be independently associated. Only MP_CRS at 1-4 and 24 h but not MP, MP_BW, or ME_BW at 24 h of diagnosing pARDS was significantly correlated with VFD-28.

Conclusions: Normalization of MP is better related to outcomes and severity of pARDS than non-normalized MP. Malnutrition can be a significant confounding factor in resource-limited settings.

Keywords: mechanical energy; mechanical power; mechanical ventilation; normalized mechanical power; pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome; ventilator-induced lung injury.

Grants and funding

The authors declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.