Objective:To Explore the clinical characteristics,risk factors,and differences in risk factors for different types of congenital auricular deformities,in order to provide theoretical basis for precise prevention and control of congenital auriclar deformity. Methods:Full-term newborns born in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2022 to January 2023 were screened for auricle malformation, general information and data were collected,,and high-risk factors were investigated withself-made questionnaire.Using a case-control study method,newborns with auriclar deformities were selected as the case group and those without auriclar deformities during the same period were selected as the control group.A case-control study was conducted to analyze the incidence rate,high-risk factors,and differences in high-risk factors for different types of auricle deformities. Results:A total of 1 758 newborns （3 516 ears） were included in this study,including 562 newborns（927 ears） with auriclar deformities,the incidence of congenital malformations of the auricle is 26.37%.Among them,289 ears （8.22%） were helical rim deformity,244 ears （6.94%） were lidding/lop ear,166 ears （4.72%） were mixed deformities,131 ears （3.73%） were prominent/cup ear,79 ears （2.25%） were Stahl's ears,16 ears （0.46%） were abnormal conchal crus,and 2 ears （0.06%） were cryptotia.Maternal history of infection in early pregnancy（OR=1.513，95%CI 1.119-2.045）,previous miscarriage history（OR=1.300，95%CI 1.049-1.613）,and abnormal pregnancy（OR=1.278，95%CI 1.032-1.582） are risk factors for congenital auricular malformations.There was no statistically significant difference in the history of infection（χ²=1.877，P=0.391）,previous miscarriage（χ²=4.706，P=0.095）,and abnormal pregnancy（χ²=5.026，P=0.081） among mothers with helical rim deformity,lidding/lop ear,and mixed deformities. Conclusion:The incidence rate of congenital auricle deformity is high, with common malformations such as helical rim deformity, lidding/lop ear,and mixed deformities. Congenital auricular deformity is caused by various factors, the same risk factor has roughly the same impact on different types of morphological abnormalities.
目的：探讨先天性耳廓形态畸形的发病特点、高危因素及不同类型形态畸形之间高危因素的差异，为耳廓形态畸形的精准防控提供理论依据。 方法：对2022年5月-2023年1月于郑州大学第二附属医院足月出生的新生儿行耳廓畸形筛查，收集信息资料，自制问卷进行高危因素调查，采用病例对照研究方法，以耳廓形态畸形的新生儿为病例组，选取同期无耳廓形态畸形的新生儿作为对照组，分析耳廓形态畸形的发生率、高危因素及不同类型耳廓形态畸形高危因素的差异。 结果：本研究共纳入1 758例新生儿（3 516耳），耳廓形态畸形新生儿562例，共927耳，先天性耳廓形态畸形的发生率为26.37%。其中耳轮畸形289耳（8.22%）、垂耳244耳（6.94%）、混合畸形166耳（4.72%）、招风耳/杯状耳131耳（3.73%）、Stahl's耳79耳（2.25%）、耳甲腔异常凸起16耳（0.46%）、隐耳2耳（0.06%）。母亲孕早期感染史（OR=1.513，95%CI 1.119～2.045）、既往流产史（OR=1.300，95%CI 1.049～1.613）、异常妊娠（OR=1.278，95%CI 1.032～1.582）是先天性耳廓形态畸形的危险因素。耳轮畸形、垂耳和混合畸形在母亲孕早期感染史（χ²=1.877，P=0.391）、既往流产史（χ²=4.706，P=0.095）、异常妊娠（χ²=5.026，P=0.081）差异无统计学意义。 结论：先天性耳廓形态畸形发生率高，以耳轮畸形、垂耳、混合畸形较为常见，耳廓形态畸形由多种因素导致，同一危险因素对不同类型形态畸形的影响大致相同。.
Keywords: congenital auriclar deformity; incidence; risk factors.
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