EPR Monitoring of Oxygenation Levels in Tumors After Chlorophyllide-Based Photodynamic Therapy May Allow for Early Prediction of Treatment Outcome

Małgorzata Szczygieł; Barbara Kalinowska; Dariusz Szczygieł; Martyna Krzykawska-Serda; Leszek Fiedor; Aleksandra Anna Murzyn; Justyna Sopel; Zenon Matuszak; Martyna Elas

doi:10.1007/s11307-023-01886-7

EPR Monitoring of Oxygenation Levels in Tumors After Chlorophyllide-Based Photodynamic Therapy May Allow for Early Prediction of Treatment Outcome

Mol Imaging Biol. 2024 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s11307-023-01886-7. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. gosia.szczygiel@uj.edu.pl.
² Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
³ Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
⁴ Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics and Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.

PMID: 38296885
DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01886-7

Abstract

Purpose: Molecular oxygen, besides a photosensitizer and light of appropriate wavelength, is one of the three factors necessary for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In tumor tissue, PDT leads to the killing of tumor cells, destruction of endothelial cells and vasculature collapse, and the induction of strong immune responses. All these effects may influence the oxygenation levels, but it is the vasculature changes that have the main impact on pO₂. The purpose of our study was to monitor changes in tumor oxygenation after PDT and explore its significance for predicting long-term treatment response.

Procedures: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy enables direct, quantitative, and sequential measurements of partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) in the same animal. The levels of chlorophyll derived photosensitizers in tumor tissue were determined by transdermal emission measurements.

Results: The noninvasive monitoring of pO₂ in the tumor tissue after PDT showed that the higher ΔpO₂ (pO₂ after PDT minus pO₂ before PDT), the greater the inhibition of tumor growth. ΔpO₂ also correlated with higher levels of the photosensitizers in the tumor and with the occurrence of a severe edema/erythema after PDT.

Conclusion: Monitoring of PDT-induced changes in tumor oxygenation is a valuable prognostic factor and could be also used to identify potentially resistant tumors, which is important in predicting long-term treatment response.

Keywords: Chlorophyllide; EPR Monitoring; Melanoma; Oxygenation; Photodynamic therapy (PDT).