Utilizing exosomes as sparking clinical biomarkers and therapeutic response in acute myeloid leukemia

Front Immunol. 2024 Jan 16:14:1315453. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1315453. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal tumor originating from immature myeloid hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of AML can provide new ideas for the treatment of AML. In recent years, it has been found that exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of AML. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transfer signaling molecules and have attracted a large amount of attention, which are key mediators of intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles not only affect AML cells and normal hematopoietic cells but also have an impact on the bone marrow microenvironment and immune escape, thereby promoting the progression of AML and leading to refractory relapse. It is worth noting that exosomes and the various molecules they contain are expected to become the new markers for disease monitoring and prognosis of AML, and may also function as drug carriers and vaccines to enhance the treatment of leukemia. In this review, we mainly summarize to reveal the role of exosomes in AML pathogenesis, which helps us elucidate the application of exosomes in AML diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia; biomarker; exosomes; immune evasion; prognosis.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers
  • Bone Marrow / pathology
  • Exosomes* / pathology
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / diagnosis
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / pathology
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / therapy
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Substances

  • Biomarkers

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City (202201010164), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800143, 81770150, 81200388, and 82170220), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2020A1515010817, 2022A1515010313, and 2023A1515030271), the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates (202310559054), Guangdong’s Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates (202010559081 and 202210559083), and Guangdong College Students’ Scientific and Technological Innovation (CX23304).