Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among High School Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Sulaiman A Alshammari; Sheluweeh M Alenzi; Lamyaa A Alsanad; Shouk A Alhathal; Raghad S Younis; Ghada S Alenazi; Rafeef R Almubarak; Alanoud M Alhudaib

doi:10.7759/cureus.51338

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among High School Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Cureus. 2023 Dec 30;15(12):e51338. doi: 10.7759/cureus.51338. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Authors

Sulaiman A Alshammari¹, Sheluweeh M Alenzi², Lamyaa A Alsanad¹, Shouk A Alhathal¹, Raghad S Younis¹, Ghada S Alenazi¹, Rafeef R Almubarak¹, Alanoud M Alhudaib¹

Affiliations

¹ Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.
² Child Psychiatry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.

Abstract

Objectives We aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among high school teachers and assess the functionality of teachers with anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. High school teachers participated in the study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between June and December 2022. The online questionnaire barcode was distributed physically to 382 male and female teachers. The questionnaire asked participants to provide demographic data and respond to questions about their feelings of depression and anxiety during the pandemic. Results Of the 382 participants, 62.3% were women, 44.2% were aged between 36 and 45 years, 77.5% were married, and 44.2% had 16 years or more of teaching experience. More than two-thirds (68.3%) of the participants were experiencing a moderate level of anxiety, and 73.8% were moderately depressed. The mean depression score (16.76±5.59) was significantly higher for those aged 25-35 (p=0.05). Female teachers scored higher in generalized anxiety disorder (13.83±4.77) than male teachers (12.79±3.89) (p=0.03). Participants with a master's degree had a higher mean score of generalized anxiety disorder (13.75±3.91) (p=0.05). Most subjects overcame the pandemic's psychological effects and coped with their daily routines. Conclusion Over half of the participants reported experiencing anxiety or depressive symptoms during the pandemic. However, this research provides policymakers and educators in Saudi Arabia with a unique perspective on a particular geographic area and educational context, which can be of great value. It stresses the need for mental health services in schools to support the well-being of students and teachers. It underscores the significance of addressing mental health concerns among educators during times of crisis. Therefore, school authorities and policymakers should focus on establishing and promoting mental health services during future pandemics.

Keywords: anxiety; covid-19; depression; stress; teachers.