Alveolar ridge preservation of two-wall bone defects using mineralized dentin matrix: An experimental pre-clinical study

Abstract

Objectives: To study bone healing of two-wall bone defects after alveolar ridge preservation using mineralized dentin matrix.

Materials and methods: After distal roots extraction of second and fourth premolars (P2, P4) on one lateral mandible in 12 beagles, two-wall bone defects (5 × 5 × 5 mm) were surgically created distally to the remaining mesial roots of P2 and P4. A total of 24 sites were randomly allocated to three groups (implant material- time of execution): mineralized dentin matrix (MDM)-3 m (MDM + collagen membrane; 3 months), MDM-6 m (MDM particles + collagen membrane; 6 months), and C-6 m (collagen membrane only; 6 months). Clinical, radiographic, digital, and histological examinations were performed 3 and 6 months after surgery.

Results: The bone healing in MDM groups were better compared to Control group (volume of bone regenerated in total: 25.12 mm³ vs. 13.30 mm³, p = .046; trabecular volume/total volume: 58.84% vs. 39.18%, p = .001; new bone formation rate: 44.13% vs. 31.88%, p = .047). Vertically, the radiological bone level of bone defect in MDM-6 m group was higher than that in C-6 m group (vertical height of bone defect: 1.55 mm vs. 2.74 mm, p = .018). Horizontally, no significant differences in buccolingual bone width were found between MDM and C groups at any time or at any level below the alveolar ridge. The percentages of remaining MDM were <1% in both MDM-3 m and MDM-6 m groups.

Conclusions: MDM improved bone healing of two-wall bone defects and might be considered as a socket fill material used following tooth extraction.

Keywords: alveolar ridge preservation; bone healing; digital technologies; mineralized dentin matrix; two‐wall bone defect.